A Very Brief Biography of Alexander the Great - 677 Words

Alexander the great’s death was the cause of the fall of the Macedonian empire. Four of the reasons that prove this are, Alexander’s last words were â€Å"to the strongest†. He was an amazing leader. He knew about military since he was young. Alexander had a great father to look up to. Alexander the great was born in 356 B.C. His mother was Olympia’s, and his father was Philip, although Olympia said to Alexander that his real father was Zeus. â€Å"When Alexander was 13, the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle became his tutor† 2 Alexander didn’t get to see much of his father. â€Å"He saw little of his father, who as both king and general, was constantly away on some military campaign.†6 When Alexander was 12, he impressed his father. â€Å"At age 12 showed his equestrian skill to his father and all who were watching when he tamed Bucephalus, unruly stallion horse, unable to be ridden and devouring flesh of all who had tried.†5 No one noticed that the horse was afraid of its own shadow. â€Å"When the horse was led onto the exercise field, Alexander turned it around, so it faced the sun and its shadow fell behind. Then he jumped onto its huge back and galloped across the field. King Philip was so proud of his son he burst into tears.†(9) 1 Alexander the Great died at the age of 32 in 323 B.C. â€Å"shortly before beginning of the planning Arabian campaign, he contracted a high fever aft er attending a private party at his friends Medius at Larisa. As soon as he drank from the cup he ‘shrieked aloud asShow MoreRelatedFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesEllis, American historian and novelist has written many awards winning novels. One of his most recognized, â€Å"American Sphinx†, winner many prestigious awards such as the National Book Award for Non-Fiction in 1997, and the Ambassador Book Award for Biography in 1998. His Pulitzer Prize winning novel, â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation†, talks about the founding fathers’ interactions with each other in the decades that followed the Constitutional Convention of 1787. During the times afterRead MoreJohn Marshalls Effect on the American Judicial System Essays1656 Words   |  7 Pagesof this paper is to discuss how Chief Justice John Marshall affected the American Judicial System. The reader will therefore first find a brief biography of John Marshall. Then the paper will explain in detail the origins of the Judicial Power to subsequently discuss Marshalls great influence on the Judiciary System through the Judicial Review. II. Biography of John Marshall John Marshall was born on September 24, 1755 near Germantown, Virginia. He was the eldest of fifteen children and wasRead MoreThe Los Angeles Philharmonic Performed Multiple Pieces By Sergei Rachmaninoff1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe conductor, Alexander Glazunov, who disliked the piece and was said to have underrehearsed it and conducted it while drunk. Rachmaninoff had a mental breakdown after the horrible reception of his first symphony and the turmoil he received from the church for marrying his cousin. This led him to period of producing little work. However, after receiving therapy Rachmaninoff began to compose again and produced his well-received Piano Concerto No.2. (http://www.8notes.com/biographies/rachmaninoff.asp)Read MoreThe War On The World1739 Words   |  7 Pagesorder. Those who cannot hope to win wars alone pursue policies and deals that ensure the intervention of more capable states in their defense, should one come about. Domestic policies and cultural developmen ts, as well, are understood as wars: at this very moment, there is a War on Drugs, a War on Terror, a War on Women, a War on Poverty, even an alleged War on Christmas. Indeed, the uneasy peace that exists between the world’s current superpowers is a result of the expected outcome of Nuclear War. TheRead MoreClassical Greek Period The Anactoria Poem Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pages represent power, strength and elegance. They also represent masculinity. This author says that the most beautiful thing is what you love best and what he loves best is Anactoria. He would rather see her lovely step, sparkling glance and her face- very feminine traits- than all the troops in his City in their chariots and glittering armor. Another aspect of the work that interests me is the fact that the author states that Helen, the most beautiful of all humankind, willingly left her husbandRead More Thomas Jefferson Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages The title of the book that I read is Thomas Jefferson by Norman K. Risjord. This book was published in 1994. The biography I read was Thomas Jefferson and it was very enlightening and informative. The story began in Shadwell, Virginia where Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743 and raised until he was approximately 18. Thomas Jefferson’s parents were well off, but his father died when Thomas was 14. When Jefferson was 17 years old, he got permission to attend the College of William and Mary. ThomasRead MoreBiography Maria Montessori2366 Words   |  10 Pagesmajority of the information about her childhood in Maria Montessori: A Biography by Rita Kramer (1976). Her father was Alessandro Montessori who was an old fashioned gentleman of conservative temper and military habits. (Kramer, 1976, p. 22). He was a soldier in his youth and a civil servant later in life. Her mother was a woman named Renilde Stoppani. She was eight years younger than her husband. For the time period, she was very well educated and loved to read books. This was really incredible becauseRead MoreEssay on The Death of Alexander the Great7402 Words   |  30 PagesIn the year 324 BC, Alexand er, on the way to Babylon, came to his traditional summer retreat of Ecbatana. There, he held a massive festival in honor of Dionysus in which it is believed up to 3,000 Greek performers were brought to provide entertainment. Night after night, lavish drinking parties ensued in which Alexander and Hephaestion, (his supposed alter ego) undoubtedly participated in. It was during this time of extravagant celebration that Hephaestion became ill and contracted a high feverRead MoreEssay on A Brief History of America’s National Pastime1708 Words   |  7 Pagesfor a home run. Many people believe that Ruth was simply gesturing at the pitcher. While nobody will ever know for sure, that home run will always be known as â€Å"The Called Shot† (The Called). Throughout the years, baseball has seen its fair share of great players while evolving into the sport this country knows and loves today, but not without controversy. The origin of the game is filled with myths and different stories, making it almost impossible to point to an exact date or person. According toRead MoreWilliam Seymour and the Pentecostal Movement2010 Words   |  9 PagesPentecostal Movement Pentecostalism is considered one of the greatest universal movement that transformed immensely the history of Christianity. It emphasized a personal interaction with God facilitated by baptism of the individual by Holy Spirit (Alexander, 43). One of the proponents of Pentecostalism is William Seymour. He is regarded as the initiator of Pentecostal movement because of his fundamental teachings on the role of Holy Spirit in a Christian’s life (Heaton 35). Therefore, this research

The Kingdom of God Essay - 2664 Words

Throughout the eons of human history there have been many interpretations of the idea of the Kingdom of God. Starting with the original inception of the idea from the earliest civilizations of the Jews to the modern day relationship with the Church and Christ it is easy to see vast differences arising. However, though there are many different approaches to this topic it is imperative that the subject become more clearly defined; for the individual but more importantly for the Body as a whole. Looking at the main understanding within the Church over the ages and breaking them down each individually is the first step in this long conquest to understand and rightly respond to the Kingdom of God. The progression in view begins with the†¦show more content†¦Scripture establishes a foundational story line for the reader to follow as history progresses and follows the Jewish lineage of Adam into Abraham, Abraham to David, and David to Jesus. Beginning with Adam at the Fall of M an a simple promise is released which begins this whole progression into the idea of Kingdom on the Earth between God and Man. In the beginning God promised that redemption would come from the seed of the woman and would put an end to the opposition of the snake, or sin, by crushing its head underfoot. (Genesis 3:15) This was the first promise for a Coming One who would bring righteousness to the Earth. All that was established here was that from the seed of humanity One would arise and in His living put an end to the reign of sin. Time progressed and Abraham appears in response to the LORD’s invitation. He departs from his land to discover a land which he is promised to inherit. (Genesis 15:18-21) However, a connection point is noted in this storyline also. Abraham receives a continuation of the promise that was mentioned in Genesis 3. When the LORD comes to Abraham He speaks to him and unfolds a further revealing of His redemptive plan. He tells Abraham that in him all the nations of the Earth will be blessed but not just by him. (Genesis12:3) The LORD promises Abraham descendants who will disperse throughout the Earth and bring the revelation of God to theShow MoreRelatedThe Kingdom Of God :1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kingdom of God To understand the kingdom of God that was central to the teaching and preaching of Jesus, it’s important to first grasp that God intended to rule the world through His human children from the start. He meant for us to be His hands and feet since the beginning of creation, mirroring His image in every way. The cancellation of this plan happened the moment the parents of mankind became victims of satan’s temptation. The Old Testament documents the fall, and the struggle of God’sRead MoreGod And The Kingdom Of God1795 Words   |  8 Pagesproclaiming the gospel of God and the Kingdom of God. But many of his disciples, like John the Baptist, did not envision the Kingdom of God for themselves nor the Kingdom miraculously coming from Heaven. â€Å"The time is fulfilled, and the Kingdom of God is at hand: repent and believe in the gospel.† (Mark 1:14-15, ESV.) The phrase â€Å"Kingdom of God† is the centerpiece of Jesus’ teachings and is found in his unique way of speaking about God’s kingship. The arrival of the Kingdom of God did not mean the endRead MoreThe Kingdom of God1959 Words   |  8 Pages The Kingdom of God is a hidden, but important theme in the New Testament of the Bible. It isn’t a place, but rather a state of being. Jesus spends most of his life living as an example of the Kingdom of God. Through Jesus’ teachings, people begin to understand what it truly means to live in the Kingdom. This theme is mainly introduced in the gospel of Mark and progresses further in depth throughout the New Testament. The meaning of the Kingdom of God is found in the words of Jesus Christ. He providesRead MoreThe Kingdom Of God Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kingdom of God When Jesus approached the city of Jerusalem, the streets were lined with Jews shouting out to him, â€Å"The crowds going ahead of Him, and those who followed, were shouting, â€Å"Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!†(Matthew 21:9). Jesus was the Messiah. He arrived with a plan to build the Kingdom of God. He would change the world but were the Jews ready for what Jesus had to offer? As the Jews lined the entranceRead MoreThe Kingdom Of God Essay2066 Words   |  9 Pagestheme within Jesus’ ministry which is his proclamation of the Kingdom (or reign) of God. In order to grasp the significance and meaning of this promulgation, I will begin by explaining why many scholars believe that the Kingdom of God is the central theme within Jesus’ message and ministry. Then I will explore eight significant aspects of the Kingdom of God that help to elucidate this phrase. After looking at these v arious facets of the kingdom, I will conclude with a brief explanation of why this themeRead MoreThe Kingdom Of God Essay1852 Words   |  8 Pagesepitome of the Kingdom of God. Many spend a whole lifetime searching for meaning of what the Kingdom of God truly is, what Jesus meant by his descriptions of the Kingdom. This passage comes across as helping others in a 21st century mindset, however, the cultural exclusion the Jewish people presented to those outside of their community brings forth a much more impactful message. The Kingdom of God dwells in no geographical place, holds no one ethnicity, and excludes no one. The Kingdom of God, in whichRead MoreKingdom of God2779 Words   |  12 PagesWhat exactly is the kingdom of God? How does one recognize the kingdom? Are you in the kingdom of God? So often, people search for the evidence of the kingdom of God rather than simply identifying it. In the present day, the stress is evasively put on works and actions rather than a personal relationship with God. Too many people fall into the trap of participating in as many activities as they can, living to have their good deeds noticed by others; however, the key point is entirely missed. ItRead MoreJesus : The Kingdom Of God864 Words   |  4 PagesJesus taught constantly about â€Å"the kingdom of God†. This concept was at the center of his teaching and life. The Kingdom of Heaven is the belief that for those who believe in Jesus and God, there is an eternal paradise waiting for them. There, they live forever and are happy. The only way to reach the Kingdom of Heaven is through belief. The love ethic is the teaching of love. Jesus stressed that love should not only be practiced in a person s relationship with fellow Christians and with JesusRead MoreThe Principles Of The Kingdom Of God977 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Principles of the Kingdom of God† are found abundantly within the text writings of the Gospels and other books within the Bible. It is easy to see that the â€Å"Kingdom of God† came upon us when Jesus walked the earth teaching, healing and preaching; doing the works of our Father, God Almighty. This essay will attempt to bring to light methods which Jesus used to teach those around him and touch on some of the aspects of the Kingdom of God. Robert Coleman (1993) listed the methods used by JesusRead MoreThe United Kingdom Of God770 Words   |  4 Pagesbiblical approach to scripture. The Kingdom of God has come, but it â€Å"has not yet come in its fullness† because the earth is not yet fully redeemed (142). This is an important distinction because it shows that Brunner has done his research, and it also helps people understand exactly how he views the Kingdom of God and how they should consequently view the Kingdom of God Near the end of the chapter Brunner talks about how Christians must â€Å"[wait] upon God† for the Kingdom of Heaven (142). While I agree

Central Bank Independence On Inflation Rate -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Central Bank Independence On Inflation Rate? Answer: Introduction The next chapter is related to the literature review on analysing the effect of independence of central bank on the rate of inflation. The different analysis is required to be identified in an effective manner as this will help in understanding the effect of the CBI reforms on the rate of inflation(Bodenstein, Erceg and Guerrieri 2017). The entire literature review will help in understanding the different CBI reforms as this will help in achieving the stable kind of information in an effective manner. The literature review will help in discussing the different totalitarian countries, the CBI reforms do not affect the inflation rates of such countries. The different view of the authors will be addressed in the next section of literature review that will help in analysing the political kind of instability and the effect of independence of central bank in an effective manner(Reis 2015). In short, the governments benefit from central bank that helped them in increasing the supply of money in an effective manner. There are different kind of frameworks that has to be considered effectively for assessing the different effects in an effective manner. The policy framework that is monetary in nature will help in influencing the activity that is macroeconomic in nature in three different manners that are as follows: There is short-term trade-off between inflation levels and unemployment that can be shown with the help of Phillips curve trade off There is long-run trade off between the different fluctuations in inflation along with real activity that can be shown with the help of Taylor trade off The trend growth will be shown as real GDP Literature Review According to Blancheton(2016), there is a negative kind of relationship between level of the bank interdependence of central bank along with inflation. However, on the other hand, it can be seen that Edwards (2015) commented that CBI has no influence on lowering of the inflation and there is requirement of the different investigation required for the same as well. It can be seen that there are different countries such as North America, Oceania and Northern Europe that will help them in understanding the effects of CBI on inflation in different countries(Fernndez-Alberto 2015). Moreover, there are different kind of previous studies that helped in indicating the various countries that faced different kind of effects of CBI reforms. Doumpos, Gaganisand Pasiouras(2015)concluded that problems related to inflation has to be solved as this will help in focusing on the change of the CBI in place of level of CBI. Moreover, it can be seen that Bodea and Higashijima(2017) used different random effects along with random model of coefficient that helped them in showing that the different reforms of CBI are not relevant and it was that the CBI reforms were not in connection with effecting the rate of inflation. Sims (2016) commented that the governments will benefit from the central banks and this will help them in increasing the supply of the money along with inflation. The expanding the government expenditure will be funded with credits from different non-independent kind of central banks. On the other hand, Neuenkirchand Neumeier(2015) commented that most of the government institutions in the entire world prefer to utilize the economic policy that is expansive in nature financed by different kind of supply of money as this will help the companies in balancing the supply of money in an effective manner. Furthermore, the main objectives of the central bank helped in stabilizing the consumer price index as this will help in facilitating and maintaining equilibrium of the balance of the payments that is international in nature(Rey 2015). The economic kind of recession and stagflation will be caused that will affect the increase in inflation along with supply of money. It helped in formulating the monetary policy that will deal with the rate of inflation and this will help the central bank to create positive effect on the rate of inflation as well(Bodea, and Hicks 2015). Furthermore, it can be seen that there are different kind of effects of inflation on long term growth wherein there are different kind of studies that has been conducted and this has helped in understanding the entire relationship between economic growth and inflation that will help in analyzing that low kind of inflation is good for the entire growth of the economy in an effective manner. Masciandaro and Romelli (2015) commented that there are different kind of studies that has been conducted wherein it has been seen that basic funding is that the higher rate of inflation goes along with the economic growth that is low in nature. Furthermore, it has been seen that there are adverse effects of the higher rate of inflation on the different economic kind of outcomes that is essential in nature (Garriga 2016). This kind of pattern has helped in showing that the rate of inflation is in excess amount that is more than 15-20% that cannot be isolated and this will be requiring extra effort in making the rate of inflation effective. The new kind of index of the central bank independence along with the targeting of influence has few linkages that have to be analyzed in an effective manner. The entire new kind of index of the central bank independence and the targeting that was constructed in an effective manner and is conceived as the sum of numerical values that is assigned to more than thirty eight arrangements that is institutional in nature. It has been seen that there are different kind of circumstances wherein the companies need to understand the issues between the independence of the central bank and the rate of inflation. There are different issues in the rate of inflation wherein the different kind of sources of pillars has to be analyzed and identified in an effective manner. The central bank independence has to be analyzed in such a manner that wills the company in solving such issues effectively. These kinds of services have to be analyzed effectively as this will include the involvement of the three different pillars of the central bank independence along with the rate of inflation. Structure of the Index There are different kind of pillars of the entire index that includes the legal and political kind of central bank wherein the central bank independence refers to the different freedom and flexibility that is required to be permitted to the entire central bank by legislation. There are different empirical findings that have helped in analyzing that the central bank refers to the different legislative protection of the different policy and operational formulation kind of activity in the way or process that is required to be enforced wherein the law will be enforced in an effectual manner. The second kind of pillar is the central bank conduct of monetary policy and conduct of governance that will include different kind of features that include monetary policy strategies and monetary policy objectives along with the policy of exchange rate in an effective manner. This kind of second pillar will help in supervision of the bank, fiscal and financial independence (Masciandaro and Romelli 2015). The third kind of pillar of the entire index is the central bank transparency along with accountability. The transparency in the central bank will help in understanding the degree of the understanding of the entire monetary policy along with process of policy decisions by the public in an effectual manner. Furthermore, it has been seen that the central bank have been associated with the different kind of secrecy as the central bank will become more independent that will have to be more accountable in nature. The model The entire empirical evidence on the entire performance of the central banks independence that do not suggest qualified access. However, there are different kind of cases wherein the consistency of the indices are based on different kind of interpretations of the statuses of the central bank independence and this helps in analyzing as well as measuring the independence of the central bank. In addition, there are correlations between the central bank independence along with the performance of the different kind of variables that is macroeconomic in nature. It is the feature of the data wherein it has been seen that the rate of average inflation control the entire economy and it is lower in nature before and after the different kind of treatments of the law (Bodea and Higashijima 2017). Furthermore, it has been seen that increase in the real growth of the gross domestic product of the flexible kind of inflation rates is the remarkable kind of outcome. It has been seen that the magnitude of the effect of the central bank independence has helped in understanding that the other forces will help in contributing towards the increase in the growth of the real GDP (Fernndez-Albertos 2015). There are different kinds of curves that have different effects that will include analysis of the different kind of issues that will help in understanding such issues in an effectual manner. The different independence of the central bank has helped in understanding and analyzing that the high degree and level of central bank political along with legal kind of independence. It helps in analyzing the economic literature that helps in providing impact of the central bank independence in an effective manner. One of the different kinds of comprehensive studies has helped in understanding that there is a relationship between the inflation rate and central bank independence. It helps in confirming that there is negative kind of relationship between independence and inflation rate that has to be analyzed in an effectual manner. However, there are different kind of contributions that is required to be made in an effectual manner wherein it helps in understanding that the variability of the rate of interests wherein it is measured by understanding the remarkable differences in the rate of inflation and this will help in generating huge amount of differences in the outcomes of the inflation in an effective manner (Grkaynak et al. 2015). Lastly, it has been seen that the different kind of empirical data and results will help in understanding the relationship between the different inflation rate and central bank independence. The different kind of analysis has been done that has helped in understanding the relationship between the two factors and this will help in Research Methodology The research methodology of a paper consists of the different techniques which are generally used by a researcher in order to carry out the study in connection to the given topic. Research methodology can be defined as the process by which the study in regard to a paper is conducted in a systematic manner. It helps to carry out the research in a systematic manner. Types of Investigation: There exist three types of investigation which are as follows. Exploratory- This is adopted in a situation where the researcher does not possess a clear idea of the concerned topic. Descriptivethe descriptive manner is adopted when there are a vast number of theories and concepts available for the given topic. Hypothesis- This method is used whereby a hypothesis is developed which is based on the research in order to determine the validity of the hypothesis. Justification of the type of Investigation chosen: For this research, the hypothesis research study will be used whereby an econometric model which will be designed using secondary data and the relationship between the CBI reforms and inflation in the various parts of the world will be tested in order to find out whether there exists a negative correlation between the two factors. When a research has to be conducted, especially in the domain of Finance, a database is required. The data which will be collected will be done using secondary data. In secondary data, the given data is usually collected from secondary sources like books, articles and journals. In a primary data collection, the data is collected using various surveys and interview processes. Justification of the Data Collection Method Chosen: In this research, the secondary data collection method will be used whereby the researcher will be collecting data from various articles and sources. Data set from 130 countries will be used from a period of 1990-2017. Correlation and regression will be performed on the given data set with the help of which the objective will be completed. Accessibility Issues: While the research is being conducted, the researcher might face certain problems related to the data set which is required for the research. He may not be able to identify the appropriate data required for the hypothesis. Ethical Issues: While the research will be conducted, the ethicality needs to be maintained in all aspects. As per the Data Protection Act, 1998, while a researcher is conducting the research, the privacy of data needs to be maintained strictly. In a scenario if the researcher fails in maintaining the ethicality then, he shall be held liable for breaching. Data Analysis Plan: Data analysis plan is of two types, namely, Quantitative Data Analysis Qualitative Data Analysis For the given research, the researcher shall be relying on the quantitative data analysis. In this analysis, the outcomes and procedures will be attempted on the data set collected from 130 banks from a period 1990-2017. The reason why this method will be chosen is because, the topic requires hypothetical testing which is only possible using data. If there exists a relationship between the central bank`s independence and the inflation rate then the null hypothesis will be rejected else it will be accepted. Research Limitations: The limitations that will be faced by the researcher will be the limitations with regard to the data which will be collected for the given subject. Time and budget are the two primary limitations Structure of the Proposed Dissertation: The given dissertation paper shall comprise of five primary chapters. The first chapter will be throwing light on the background of the study which will consist of the aims and objectives of the given research. The second chapter will consist of the; literature review whereby the relevant theories and the concepts related shall be discussed. The third chapter will be a reflection of the methodology of the data used for the research, sources of secondary data and data analysis technique. The fourth chapter shall analyze the secondary data using correlation and regression whereby the hypothesis will be proved. The final chapter shall comprise of a conclusion and state certain recommendations for the research. Time Horizon (Gantt chart) Activity Days(March-April) 1-8th March 10-15th March 16-18th March 19-22nd March 23-26th March 27th March- 04th April 5- 8th April Finalizing the research topic Collecting data from the secondary sources layout of the research work Literature review Formation of the research plan Selecting appropriate research methodologies Collection of datafrom primary sources Analyzing the data sets Interpretation of collected data sets Concluding the Study Designing of rough draft Submitting the Final Work Table 3.1: Time Line of Research (Source: Created by the author) From the timeline of the entire research, it can be analyzed that there are different kind of tasks that has to be completed effectively on time and this will help in solving and finishing the entire task within the specified deadline. There can be different hurdles in completing the task that has to be properly initiated and taken into action to complete the tasks effectively. The submission of the final task will help in understanding the different gaps or loopholes in the task that will help in understanding the requirement of different strategies that can solve the task in an effectual manner. References Blancheton, B., 2016. Central bank independence in a historical perspective. Myth, lessons and a new model.Economic Modelling,52, pp.101-107. Bodea, C. and Hicks, R., 2015. Price stability and central bank independence: Discipline, credibility, and democratic institutions.International Organization,69(1), pp.35-61. Bodea, C. and Higashijima, M., 2017. Central Bank Independence and Fiscal Policy: Can the Central Bank Restrain Deficit Spending?.British Journal of Political Science,47(1), pp.47-70. Bodea, C. and Higashijima, M., 2017. Central Bank Independence and Fiscal Policy: Can the Central Bank Restrain Deficit Spending?.British Journal of Political Science,47(1), pp.47-70. Bodenstein, M., Erceg, C.J. and Guerrieri, L., 2017. The effects of foreign shocks when interest rates are at zero.Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienned'conomique,50(3), pp.660-684. De Haan, J. and Eijffinger, S.C., 2016. The politics of central bank independence. (De Haan and Eijffinger 2016) Doumpos, M., Gaganis, C. and Pasiouras, F., 2015. Central bank independence, financial supervision structure and bank soundness: An empirical analysis around the crisis.Journal of Banking Finance,61, pp.S69-S83. Edwards, S., 2015. Monetary policy independence under flexible exchange rates: an illusion?.The World Economy,38(5), pp.773-787. Fernndez-Albertos, J., 2015. The politics of Central Bank independence.Annual Review of Political Science,18, pp.217-237. Fernndez-Albertos, J., 2015. The politics of Central Bank independence.Annual Review of Political Science,18, pp.217-237. Garriga, A.C., 2016. Central bank independence in the world: A new data set.International Interactions,42(5), pp.849-868. Grkaynak, R.S., Kantur, Z., Ta?, M.A. and Y?ld?r?m, S., 2015. Monetary policy in Turkey after Central Bank independence. Grkaynak, R.S., Kantur, Z., Ta?, M.A. and Y?ld?r?m, S., 2015. Monetary policy in Turkey after Central Bank independence. Masciandaro, D. and Romelli, D., 2015. Ups and downs of central bank independence from the Great Inflation to the Great Recession: theory, institutions and empirics.Financial History Review,22(3), pp.259-289. Neuenkirch, M. and Neumeier, F., 2015. Party affiliation rather than former occupation: The background of central bank governors and its effect on monetary policy.Applied Economics Letters,22(17), pp.1424-1429. Reis, R., 2015. Comment on:When does a central banks balance sheet require fiscal support? by Marco Del Negro and Christopher A. Sims.Journal of Monetary Economics,73, pp.20-25. Rey, H., 2015.Dilemma not trilemma: the global financial cycle and monetary policy independence(No. w21162). National Bureau of Economic Research. Sims, C.A., 2016, August. Fiscal policy, monetary policy and central bank independence. InKansas Citi Fed Jackson Hole Conference.

The Garden of Science Essays - Bereshit, Adam And Eve,

The Garden of Science In the beginning, there was nothing. According to the Book of Genesis, God created everything from scratch. God created the heavens, earth, light, darkness, sea, stars, birds, and animals. God created a man and named him Adam. God created a woman and named her Eve. Adam and Eve were put in the Garden of Eden. The Garden of Eden was filled with fruit trees, animals, and there were river flowing all the time. In the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve had plenty to eat. They did not have to work nor make money. Adam and Eve were naked but they were shameless. Adam and Eve did not have much to worry about. In the year 2001, we are living in the garden that is embedded with various scientific stuffs. Lets just take a look at my life. Few years ago, I used the typewriter to write papers. Now, I am using a computer to write the paper. In the morning, the alarm clock wakes me up. I turn on the faucet to get water to brush my teeth. I pour out already brewed coffee from programmed coffee maker. I drive a car to get to the places. I wash my cloth in washing machine and dry them in the dryer. I dont wear eyeglasses anymore because I am wearing contact lenses. Furthermore, this winter break, I am planning to have Lasik operation to correct my vision permanently. Then, I could say goodbye to my contact lenses. This is the sketch of my life, but just a part. I am living in the garden with full of scientific devices that I could no longer live without. Wow. How did we get here from the Garden of Eden to the Garden of Science? What makes the world to become such a science oriented society? What drives human beings to seek scientific knowledge of the world? Since I am a Christian who confidently believes in Gods creation of the world according to the Bible. I believe that it is a natural characteristic of the human being to seek more knowledge. The desire for more knowledge actually evolved into creating the technologies that became part of our lives. In addition, I believe that the knowledge itself is actually given by God along with the power to use them. Finally, I believe that knowledge is a good thing to posses, however; we need to be more careful and humble of using the knowledge that was given to us by our creator as a gift. When God gave the Garden of Eden to Adam and Eve. He said, You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die (Holy Bible, New Revised Standard Version, Gen. 1.16-17). Adam and Eve knew the rules and consequences. However, they ate the forbidden fruit. Why would they do such a thing when they knew the consequence, which is the death? Adam blamed Eve, The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate (Holy Bible, New Revises Standard Version, Gen. 3.12). Eve blamed serpent, The serpent tricked me, and I ate (Holy Bible, New Revised Standard Version, Gen. 3.13). These are not very convincing. I dont think that anyone would jeopardize his or her life so easily, without any question. Furthermore, it is not that Adam and Eve didnt have anything to eat. I believe that there must have been a strong force that drove Adam and Eve to take the forbidd en fruit. I believe it is the natural characteristic of human beings for wanting to obtain more knowledge. Why else would Adam and Eve take that forbidden fruit? They had everything they needed in the Garden of Eden. Yes, the serpent lied to Adam and Eve that they will not die by eating the forbidden fruit. The fact that Adam and Eve believed serpent over their creator God shows their strong desire of wanting to eat the forbidden fruit. Adam and Eve desired to have more knowledge (by eating

African American History Report

African American History Report Free Online Research Papers African Americans overcame the days of slavery because of the all struggles they went through. Which parts of the African American History matters the most? When exploring African American history, the most important things to focus on are that because of the times, black people were enslaved and treated poorly. They endured it all and worked hard to rise above the boundaries of slavery and prejudice. However, the most portentous aspect of African-American history is that it’s heritage; its history; and it are over. Now an African American has become the President of the United States of America. (African American History). During the slavery years, African people were subjected to some of the worst treatments of the history of this planet. They were forced to work for white people as slaves, but that is nothing compared with the treatment they received. Slaves were beaten, mal-nourished, and disrespected as a whole. Slaves were considered as low as the lowest forms of life. They were treated less than some forms of life. They were treated as property that was disposable and replaceable. (To Be A Slave). Slavery was a major issue in the 19th century. African Americans over came so many trials and tribulations during the 1960s. The African Americans encountered a widespread of social and professional discrimination. Their unrest demanded activism, many African American artists created imagery intended for black audiences. Black expressionism was born out of the Civil Rights Movement. The artworks it engendered – primarily brightly colored figurative compositions were expressive, rich in palette, and politically charged. Expressionists explored a wide range of subjects and techniques, all seeking to portray black pride and identity. (WPA). The process of ending slavery was the subject of intense debate in the United States during the first part of the 19th century was a big issue for the African Americans. Slavery was abolished throughout the United States with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865. An estimated four million slaves were freed.Today, African Americans constitute 13.3 percent of the total U.S. population, the second largest ethnic group after Hispanics. Even after the end of slavery, however, American blacks were generally hampered by segregation and inferior education, despite the establishment of some institutions dedicated to their advancement. In the late twentieth century, the struggle by black artists to create an African American cultural identity evolved into a desire for recognition of their creative achievements as artists, regardless of their race. Over the course of the century, the production of images that focus on African American life, its history in th e United States, and its African heritage cultivated a unique artistic character and helped to overcome social injustice. We hope that this exhibition reveals the beauty of African American art, an art that defies categorization (Langston Hughes). African Americans have contributed a great deal too the American culture. There are so many famous African Americans and so many accomplishments by them such as: Jan Ernst Matzeliger invented a shoemaking machine that increased shoemaking speed by 900%.Lewis Latimer invented an important part of the light bulb- the carbon filament, Granville T. Woods invented a train-to-station communication system, George Washington Carver invented peanut butter and 400 plant products! Garrett Morgan invented the gas mask. Otis Boykin invented the electronic control devices for guided missiles, IBM computers, and the pacemaker. Dr. Patricia. E. Bath (1949–) invented a method of eye surgery that has helped many blind people to see. Imagine yourself in the shoes of these inventors. Think about being in a situation where you are the first person to break into a job where no one else like you has ever worked. Imagine how hard you would have to work to prove yourself especially being an Af rican American. (Mary Bellis). Dr.Martin Luther King, Jr. whom was very important African American minister, clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the American civil rights movement. His lectures and dialogues stirred the concern and sparked the conscience of a generation. The movements and marches he led brought significant changes in the fabric of American life through his courage and self devotion. This devotion gave direction to the thirteen years of civil rights activities. His charismatic leadership inspired men and women, young and old, in this nation and around the world . Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil Rights leader who was well known for his famous speech â€Å"Free at Last† and who now has his own national holiday that we all celebrate (The King Center). Barack Obama an African American who became the 44th president of the United States and the first African-American President in U.S. history. After working at Business International Corporation (A company that provided international business information to corporate clients) and NYPIRG, Obama moved to Chicago in 1985. There, he worked as a community organizer with low-income residents in Chicago’s Roseland community and the Altgeld Gardens public housing development on the city’s South Side. During these years, Obama worked with both Democrats and Republicans in drafting legislation on ethics, expanded health care services and early childhood education programs for the poor. He also created a state earned-income tax credit for the working poor. And after a number of inmates on death row were found innocent, Obama worked with law enforcement officials to require the videotaping of interrogations and confessions in all capital cases. (History Channel). In the November 2004 general election, Obama received 70% of the vote to Keyess 27%, the largest electoral victory in Illinois history. Obama became only the third African- American elected to the U.S. Senate since Reconstruction. In February 2007, Obama made headlines when he announced his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic Presidential nomination. He was locked in a tight battle with former first lady and current U.S. Senator from New York, Hillary Rodham Clinton until he became the presumptive nominee on June 3, 2008. On November 4th, 2008, Obama defeated Republican president nominee John McCain for the position of U.S. President. He is now the 44th president of The United States. Oprah Winfery who launched the Oprah Winfrey Show in 1986 as a nationally syndicated program with its placement on 120 channels and an audience of 10. million people, the show grossed $125 million by the end of its first year, of which Winfrey received $30 million. She soon gained ownership of the program from ABC, drawing it under the control of her new production company, Harpo Productions (‘Oprah’ spelled backwards) and making more and more money from syndication. Resulting in becoming the richest African American women in the world. (AAH). Rosa Parks as the mother of the Civil Rights Movement. Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus spurred on a city-wide boycott and helped launch nation-wide efforts to end segregation of public facilities. Rosa Parks received many accolades during her lifetime including the Spingarn Medal, the NAACPs highest award. She also received the Martin Luther King Jr. Award. On September 9, 1996 President Bill Clinton awarded Rosa Parks the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor given by the U.S. executive branch. The next year, she was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest award given by the U.S. legislative branch. In 1999, Time magazine named Rosa Parks one of the 20 most influential people of the twentieth century. (History Channel). Malcolm X A Controversial Civil Rights Activists Influential Advocate of Black Nationalism In the four years of the American Civil War, the United States began to redeem itself. African Americans as human beings went through so much in their days from the 250-year-long tragedy of slavery.While some people have proposed the offering of reparations, there is a belief that this will never happen due to the unwillingness of white people to make an effort. The call for reparations seems to have been adjusted to merely a call for an official government apology. Some white people argue against an apology for slavery because they dont feel responsible for the acts. This would justify the call for reparations. At the time this text was originally typed, African Americans have not received reparations or an official government apology for slavery. Some feelings and attitudes toward slavery have changed very little in the past 400 years. Throughout this time frame, white people have continued to collectively hold higher socioeconomic positions than Black people in the United States. (African American Atlas). This position of power and wealth may make the issue of reparations seem almost like an attack because it seems to be Black people trying to take things from white people for something that happened long before these people were born. Black people still suffer from the effects of slavery and some can still see the need for reparati ons, or an official apology for African American slavery. Therefore, the discussion and conflicts may continue for a long time. Other ethnic groups fought for reparations for many years, finally reaching their goal. Perseverance is a part of being black, and while we cannot determine the outcome of all the call for reparations,Or if the issue will be important in the future, we can be assured that our people will not allow the importance of our struggles to be forgotten. (American Atlas). As anyone can see, the preceding people faced suffering at the hands of others. Slavery was wrong. Yet, each person persevered and won his or her own battles one way or another. It took years and a lot of work. Being a part of history should be respected as just so. These people should be remembered and studied, but not necessarily glorified. Some slaves earned freedom by hard work; yet others took different approaches that weren’t always admirable. In addition, the people of today’s generation should not be blamed for what happened in the past, which is beyond our control. (African American History). America is made up of different languages and cultures, and though we are different in heritage we need to unite as a country. Nothing can be done to repair the wrongs of slavery. No matter how much time goes by, slavery will always be a ghost in Americas past, spooking anyone who looks back. Now America needs to look forward to a tomorrow where slavery doesnt exist, where blacks and whites are equal, and where racism isnt a factor. We need to make that happen. I believe reparations to be ones in a new generation of Americans. Perhaps the most America can do for its people is to apologize for slavery, promise it will not ever happen again, and then concentrate on working towards a better tomorrow. African Americans overcame many trials and tribulations during the 19th century. In conclusion, many people doubted African Americans but we have come a long way today in the 21st century. We’ve come from being slaves; someone owning us, to President of the United States. This proves that we are all equal no matter what your race or religion is. It also proves you can be anything in the world if you really want. If you set your mind to something you really want to do you can do it. References â€Å"African American History: Heritage, not Hate.† 123 HelpMe.com13 Mar 2009 Encyclopedia: Lincoln, Abraham. (2004). The History Channel website. Retrieved 19:13, May 9, 2006, from historychannel.com/thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=214843. â€Å"To Be A Slave.† 123HelpMe.com. 13 Mar 2009 The African-American atlas: Black history and culture / Molefi K. Asante and Mark Mattson. New York: Macmillan, 1998. Reference E185.A79 1998 [Chapter 2: The Transatlantic Journey. African American History, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2008 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved Research Papers on African American History Report19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

The Extent of Drug Abuse Among People in America

The Extent of Drug Abuse Among People in America Toronto Mayor Rob Ford Said He Lied about Crack Cocaine Use Because He Was EmbarrassedAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Extent of Drug Abuse Among People in America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mayor lied about the use of crack cocaine The article titled â€Å"Toronto Mayor Rob Ford said he lied about crack cocaine use because he was embarrassed† talks about the use of cocaine by a public figure. It was published on February 10, 2014. The article talks about the reasons why the mayor of Toronto lied about his habit of using crack cocaine. The article was written in order to offer an explanation why the mayor lied about his illegal habit of using crack cocaine. Cocaine is an illegal drug that is abused by many people. This article shows the extent of drug abuse among people in America. Drug use is illegal. However, a person who is supposed to be spearheading the war against drug use and abuse was caught smoking crack cocaine. The article shows the extent to which leaders go to break laws instead of protecting them. I think the article was written in order to encourage people who use cocaine to come clean about their habit and ask for help. It was difficult for the mayor to deny his problem because it could have led to his removal from office. According to the article, the mayor lied about his habit of using crack cocaine because he was embarrassed (Foxnews.Com par1). Admitting to such a habit is very difficult especially for a political figure like a mayor. The mayor confirmed this through a video posted on YouTube. According to the author of the article, the mayor defended himself by claiming that everybody in the world lies about one thing or another. However, he admitted that he was embarrassed for lying about his habit (Foxnews.Com par1). The mayor was very categorical on his use of crack cocaine. He denied allegation that he was an addict. According to him, even though he used crack cocaine, he was not an addict. In addition, he said that admitting to using cocaine was a humiliating experience for him because he had to do it to the whole world (Foxnews.Com par3).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to a report released last year, the mayor was reported to be an addict. Apparently, he was captured on camera smoking weed. The mayor refuted these accusations because drug use was illegal. It is important for leaders to take responsibility of their actions because they are expected to be role models to the young people. The article is interesting because it covers an issue that is debated among many fields in the world. It is discouraging to hear a leader deny a habit that could lead to his downfall. Many young people today use illegal drugs for several purposes and are embarrassed to admit. The mayor is supposed to be a role model t o young people. However, his habit of using crack cocaine is not a reason to look upon him as a role model. The population most affected comprises young people who are affected by the drug because of denial. Denial of such a habit causes problems to many people because it leads to addictions that have negative effects on the lives of users. Many addicts do not seek help because of embarrassment. Many young people today abuse crack cocaine because of its availability and affordability. I chose this article because the use of cocaine is prevalent among many people, both old and young. Both young and old people use drugs. In addition, I chose it because it highlights a problem that needs to be solved. Leaders are supposed to protect laws and not break them. Young people are more likely to use illegal drugs because they see their leaders using them. Foxnews.Com: Toronto mayor Rob Ford said he lied about crack cocaine use because  he was embarrassed. Feb 10. 2014. Web. Feb 22. 2014. h ttps://www.foxnews.com/world/toronto-mayor-rob-ford-said-he-lied-about-crack-cocaine-use-because-he-was-embarrassed.

The Truman Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Truman Doctrine - Essay Example Truman argued that if the countries received no support at that time of the urgent need brought about by war, grave consequences would emerge. Many authors have written vastly about the Truman Doctrine as discussed in this essay. According to Lykogiannis (104), Truman believed that the war was a threat not only to international peace but also to the national security of the United States. President Truman asked the United States Congress to provide economic and military support to democratic nations facing war, hence the Truman doctrine. The Truman doctrine changed the United States foreign policy effectively. Historians considered the doctrine as the genesis of the cold war (Freeland 77). The Greek Communist war got support from the Soviet Union who posed as a threat to the Greek policy makers. The United States, through the request of President Truman, provided close to half a billion dollars financial aid to both Greek and Turkey. The Truman Doctrine developed to the United States policy of supporting free people who get subjected to armed minor groups of people or by external pressures. According to President Truman, the doctrine was for the best interest of the United States at large. The doctrine had a strategic goal despite supporting the majority rights (Spalding 55). Economically, Greece lacks sufficient natural resources, thus making it a poor country compared to other developed countries. The country has suffered four years of cruel invasion making economic and social development difficult. Politically, the country had suffered immense destruction from German liberation, and inflation rates remained high. These tragic conditions forced the emergence of a militant minority giving rise to political chaos. This has made Greece’s economic recovery slow and difficult as the country struggles to reconstruct. The financial aid given by United States helped boost the country economic status but was not enough to

Econometric Studies in Human capital Theory Essay

Econometric Studies in Human capital Theory - Essay Example Furthermore the earnings of certain subgroups who had external structural influence on their schooling were higher than average individuals as a whole. It can be stated that Card focused more on the schooling differences leading to heterogeneous earnings yet revealed some interesting dimensions too (Card, 1830). Much of the literature that examines returns to schooling usually consider academic qualification while in Dearden et al., 2002 she applied econometric model using OLS estimation on returns to academic as well as vocational qualification in Britain. This study is a longitudinal study funded by the then DfEE whereas the sample data of National Child Development Study (NCDS), 1991 and Labour Force Survey (LFS) of 1998 has been used. Her study examines the varying aspects of gender, ability, qualification and family background too. This longitudinal study develops a framework where NCDS results were compare with LFC statistics while after some selection criteria a final sample s ize of 6867 individuals (3007 Male & 3860 Female) was processed through estimation. Estimation results identified that males with O-Levels/ GCSE earn 13 to 23% premium to their qualification while for A-levels they earn 18% and for a degree they yield 11 to 32% premium. In contrast to men, women with O-levels/ GCSE earn 11 to 21% premium and with A-levels it adds to 20% and for degree women return 30% premium to the qualifications in a year. The study confirmed that along with academic qualifications, if individuals acquire vocational qualifications their premium may rise by 40% but vocational qualifications alone have reported less premium (Deardan et... This paper offers review on econometric studies, undertaken with the purpose of determining the correlation between schooling quality and returns on investment on schooling. Over the last decade, many researches and extensive literature have evolved. Card in his study explored the causal relationship of education on earnings. The study explored an impact of an instrumental factor family background on the schooling and earning of their children which had 30% variation in the earnings, similarly college education differences and location near college had some significant influence over schooling and hence earnings. Dearden applied econometric model using OLS estimation on returns to academic as well as vocational qualification in Britain. Results identified that males with O-Levels/ GCSE earn 13 to 23% premium to their qualification while for A-levels they earn 18% and for a degree they yield 11 to 32% premium. In Mcintosh study the variance of qualification confirmed heterogeneous returns among O-levels, A-levels and degree level labour force. The vocational qualification as identified earlier at lower premium to academic qualification remained the same Harmon conducted microeconomic empirical investigation on the returns to schooling. He concluded that every investment reflects the size of returns. He used a comparative approach to analyze cross sectional returns on education and furthermore, he applied OLS estimation analysis. It can be stated that to examine the returns on schooling, an econometric study can best explain the causes of higher returns either that is family background or ability or academic qualification (college graduation, O-levels, university degree) or vocational qualification or training.

Psychology textbook Essay Example for Free

Psychology textbook Essay I didn’t know that psychology actually had a goal until I read the introduction to Psychology textbook. I am learning a lot of new things on this subject. For instance science of psychology has four main goals and they are as listed, described, predict, understand, and mental process and influence behavior. In my own words here they are. Describing: collecting information from the population by certain targeted people. The prediction goal is self explanatory it’s mostly meant for making assumption or predictions of what will become of your study before you actually know what will happen. The third goal of psychology is Understand, in this area you never really know when the information that you learn will change the next day or even within the next year. Psychology is a continuously growing field and the information that is gathered is only considered as theories and always changes, sometimes without knowledge or notice. Lets move on to influences which in my opinion one of the most used in everyday life . for instance a toddler is encourage to learn how to walk and talk. And a teenager can be pressured into doing things and making choices that they wouldn’t originally have made without the influence from their peers. Influencing people can be good too. For instance you can be influenced by coworkers and supervisors to take an open position that they feel you would get with no problem. Another example is to get the influence to do better than you are currently doing whether it be work, school, or making a better relationship with you family. The Biology and behavior was hard for me to decide what section to write about because there were so many to choose from. I didn’t want to be wrong about this section so I decided to pick the part that stood out the most to me. I am going talk about the Nervous System. It’s a really important part of the body because it helps you maintain consciousness and your behavior. The nervous system has billions of neurons. They are too, a very important part in the body because they do things such as sending messages from one end to the other end of the neuron. They are also called wires. To show why the nervous system is a really important part of the body, I will use the wires in a radio for an example. The wires in the radio are the main connection for it to provide power to send to the wires that go throughout the radio in order to hear the sound and in for it to recognize what needs to be done when certain buttons are pressed. Without the power cord the radio would really have no use. When the power cord is plugged into a power outlet the power cord provides the ability for the radio to produce sound from the speakers. It enables the buttons to work properly so that you can press the play button on the radio and hear the tracks on a CD. The wires also give you the ability to actually hear the music that comes out of the speakers. The next topics I will mention are sensation and perception. First I will mention what sensation is, it allows your brain to connect with the outer part of your body and transfer it to the inside of your body to your brain. For example, touching things with different temperature let’s say you touch or hold ice. If you hold it the ice long enough you may begin to feel a numbing sensation and you may start getting cold or experiencing the chills or goose bumps. Another example would be touching something hot. Due to the high degrees in the object you may experience pain or even have burn marks on your skin. Now lets move on to Perception which n my words mean, getting information and making images of them. There are a few different types of perception for instance â€Å"constancy† this also has different types. But for now we will use size constancy. When you look at the very same object from different angles and distances, it may appear smaller or bigger than it really is. Picture looking at a large building out of a window on an airplane before it takes off of the ground and try watching it until you get in the sky. It will appear to be much smaller than it did when you were viewing it at a closer distance but you know the actual building didn’t get smaller, it was the distance that you were viewing it at that made it look a different size. We all must know that perception is just about the same in everyone and that’s the reason we are able to communicate with each other.

British Foreign Relationships :: History

British Foreign Relationships Beginnings The first time that the British came into contact from outside people since the disappearance of the land bridge connecting the British Isles to mainland Europe occured in the year 43 A.D. This was the year that Ceasar send a Roman expeditionary force under the command of Aulus Platius to the British Isles. Although the indigenous Celtic tribesmen put up heavy initial resistance, superior armed and trained Roman Legionnairies were able to subdue them and successfully occupy Great Britian all the way up to the border of modern day Scotland. Over the course of the next 367 years, Great Britian experiences an era of relative peace under Roman rule. Celtic and Roman culture coalesced into a unique society, and Christianity was introduced to Britain. The year 410 A.D. brought about great change though, when Rome withdrew all of its occupation forces from Britain in order to fight the Goths in western Germany. This abandonment left the British people very vulnerable, and almost immediately afterwards various Scandanavian and Germanic tribes began raiding the seemingly defenseless British Isles. Three of these groups, the Anglos, the Saxons, and the Jutes, began establishing permanent settlements along England's southern coast (the word England actually descends from the country's ancient name Angliland, or Anglo Land.) After years of widespread ethnic conflict, the Anglo-Saxons had driven the indigenous Britons back to modern day Scotland and Wales, and came to dominate most of the main island. Towards the end of the first century another group begins to plunder the British Isles, they called themselves the Vikings but were known as the Danes to the Anglo-Saxons. Violent conflict erupted as the Vikings pillaged, looted, and terrorized coastal Britain. At one point, the Vikings under the leadership of King Harrod came close to actually taking over the entire island but were defeated at the battle of Dover. The British people, now united under a single government, continued to repel Viking invasion attempts until 1066, when William of Normandy defeated an exhausted and ill equiped British army at the battle of Hastings. William went to London and made himself the new king of Britain. Massive change resulted from Norman rule, establishing a new ruling class. During this period, King William, and King Henry II expanded their empire into France and Britian became a powerful nation in Europe. After the death of king Henry though, social unrest arose, which eventually manifested itself into civil war, causing British holdings in mainland Europe to erode away in a period of time known as "The war of the Roses".

Barriers To Communication Essay

A † communication barrier† or â€Å"a barrier to communication† is anything that interferes with the transfer of intended information from a sender to a receiver. This can include anything from static on a radio, preventing the listener from hearing the program, to a third party interfering in a conversation between two people.Barriers to communication can retard or distort the message and intention of the message being conveyed which may result in failure of the communication process or an effect that is undesirable. These include filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotions, language, silence, communication apprehension, gender differences and political correctness This also includes a lack of expressing â€Å"knowledge-appropriate† communication, which occurs when a person uses ambiguous or complex legal words, medical jargon, or descriptions of a situation or environment that is not understood by the recipient. Psychological Barriers The psychological state of the receiver will influence how the message is received. For example, if someone has personal worries and is stressed, they may be preoccupied by personal concerns and not as receptive to the message as if they were not stressed. Anger is another example of a psychological barrier to communication, when we are angry it is easy to say things that we may later regret and also to misinterpret what others are saying. Psychological barriers to communication include. Emotional Perceptual Selectivity Emotions Emotional barriers is the feelings that prevent you to communicate effectively. liking and disliking are included in Emotional Barrier. Both the encoder and decoder affected in emotional barrier.To communicate effectively, you must clearly convey thoughts and emotions both verbally and nonverbally. Many times, emotional barriers on your part or the part of the person you are speaking with may inhibit your ability to communicate on an effective level. Your emotional state may influence your capacity to make yourself understood and hamper your understanding of others. For example you might be emotionally blocked if you are announcing a new policy, giving the first major presentation on job or in a class, writing someone you dislike. People may feel indifferent toward you or your subject or show anger against you and your subject. Perceptual Perception is a subjective process. When senses deliver their information to the reception centers of the cortex, they are associated with past perceptions, memories, feelings, thoughts, values, needs, drives, attitudes and other things going on in the brain that are totally unique. The result is a highly individualized way of looking at things. Perception is understanding of the world around us. Each one perceives the world in his own unique way and interprets what has been perceived in yet another unique way and interprets what has been perceived in yet another unique way. When we strongly disagree, we simply say â€Å"I am sorry, our perceptions appear to be different†. For example imagine every one in a company receiving a copy of the annual report. An accountant may concentrate only on one footnote in the financial statement, a sales person may look at marketing charts, and a public relations officer may respond only to the quality of the brochure itself each reader received the same data each reader perceived the differently. Another example of perception is your boss ask you to turn in a report right away you work late that night because you assume he means as soon as possible in fact he meant before the end of the week in this case you filled in information. Selectivity The audience is not able to absorb all the information coming from a variety of sources; so the audience pick up information on selectively. The selectivity is affected by timing, context, and the degree of uniqueness of information.

Best essay ever

Grouping Europe into 3 segments WWW Super Nozzles in Europe Wool No clear sales goals. Growth in Industrial Chemicals 02 Different markets 03 Growth in Europe 04 Other areas of the world 05 New Joint ventures 06 New branded sub-assemblies 07 Growth in Plastics 08 Growth in Canada 09 Manufacturing in Europe THREATS TO Extra fees in Europe TO Fragmented media in Europe TO Cultural barriers in Europe TO New competitors TO Government Solutions AY Create a Joint venture with a company in a single country in Europe.Europe is too big of an area with too many different languages and cultures for a small company eke Kinesics. They need to narrow their focus on one country. Also, by creating a Joint venture they can bypass all or some of the fees that make their European product up to 45% more expensive. The idea seems to be working well in Canada. If it goes well, create more Joint ventures in other countries in Europe.PROS CONS Pl more narrow target market CLC less potential sales UP better understanding of market CO less control over operations UP reduced fees CO share profits Leave Europe. Focus efforts on U. S. Where there is still huge potential for growth. Continue sales from Canada and Japan. Pl no wasted efforts/money in Europe CLC lose European sales UP more energy put forth towards U. S.CO less international exposure UP safe decision CO Company growth may slow down Exhibit 1 SSL Exclusive rights to the mixing device without moving parts SO Unlike components, branded products came in standard sizes that could be plugged in to existing machinery SO Choosing target applications and selling only branded subassembly to them, management was pleased with the financial returns of this strategy SO It appeared that Canadian Kinesics would double their sales from 1972-1973 SO Good ales in synthetic fibers, pulp and paper, industrial chemicals, plastics, waste application, made company versatile SO Only 6 sizes of Super Nozzles were needed to cover U. S. Arrests SO New pr oduct that no one else had, only company with the technology SO More organized than European sales, over 1 million orders SIS Created multiple branded subassembly and able to create custom components.

An Overview of Golda Meir essays

An Overview of Golda Meir essays Golda Meir was a considered to be one of the Worlds greatest women of all times. For a woman coming from the early 1900s, she accomplished very many things. She showed courage, strength, and leadership throughout the many years of her life. Because of all of this she is looked upon as a great leader. Starting from an early age she showed an eagerness to be independent, which any young person striving to be an individual would do. At fifteen, she argued with her teachers and her parents about practically everything. She wanted to search for the person she knew was hiding inside so she ran away to live with her sisters in Denver. Here she was struck with many experiences; she had a great form of beauty, strong figure and beautiful. All of this she could use to her advantage. It was easier for women to get attention the more beautiful they were, no one really paid attention to how intelligent a woman was because women were thought to be less smart. Even though Golda was very head strong and stubborn she still kept to herself, so when she was first revealed intimately it was made a big deal. In her letters to the men she was involved with you could get a sense of strong tenderness and love. She was passionate with everything that had to do with her. The things she loved and the things she hated. The men she had love affairs with were men of power and pioneering giants of the time. They pushed her care er, which did not always satisfy her, so from time to time she had to prove herself that she could do it on her own but this was just an easier way. Men except for Golda ran all of Americas society. She was the only woman to break into their inner circle and socialize with the men about political issues and things of that nature. She unlike most women was taken seriously more than half the time. All though she was not always alone she did feel a sense of loneliness. ...

Meaning of the Term Black Church and Its Importance

Meaning of the Term Black Church and Its Importance The â€Å"black church† is a term used to describe Protestant churches that have predominately black congregations. More broadly, the black church is both a specific religious culture and a socio-religious force that has shaped protest movements, such as the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Origins of the Black Church The black church in the United States can be traced back to chattel slavery in the 18th and 19th centuries. Enslaved Africans brought to the Americas a variety of religions, including traditional spiritual practices. But the system of slavery was built on the dehumanization and exploitation of enslaved people, and this could only be achieved by depriving slaves of meaningful connections to land, ancestry, and identity. The dominant white culture of the time accomplished this through a system of forced acculturation, which included forced religious conversion. Missionaries would also use promises of freedom to convert enslaved Africans. Many enslaved people were told they could return to Africa as missionaries themselves if they converted. While it was easier for polytheistic beliefs to merge with Catholicism, which ruled in areas such as the Spanish colonies, than the Protestant Christian denominations that dominated early America, enslaved populations constantly read their own narratives into Christian texts and incorporated elements of their previous faiths into Christian frameworks. Out of this cultural and religious acculturation, early versions of the black church were born. Exodus, The Curse of Ham  and Black Theodicy Black pastors and their congregations maintained their autonomy and identify by reading their own histories into Christian texts, unlocking new routes for self-realization. For example, many black churches identified with the Book of Exodus’s story of the prophet Moses leading the Israelites escape from slavery in Egypt. The story of Moses and his people spoke to hope, promise and the benevolence of a God which was otherwise absent in the systematic and oppressive structure of chattel slavery. White Christians worked to justify slavery through the employment of a white savior complex, which  in addition to dehumanizing black people, infantilized them. They insisted that slavery was good for black people, because black people were inherently uncivilized. Some went so far as to claim that black people had been cursed and slavery was the necessary, God-intended punishment. Seeking to maintain their own religious authority and identity, black scholars developed their own branch of theology. Black theodicy refers specifically to theology that answers for the reality of anti-blackness and the suffering of our ancestors. This is done in a number of ways, but primarily by re-examining suffering, the concept of free-will, and God’s omnibenevolence. Specifically, they examined the following question: If there is nothing that God does that is not good in and of itself, why would he inflict such immense pain and suffering on black people? Questions like this one presented by black theodicy led to the development of another type of theology, which was still rooted in accounting for the suffering of black people. It is perhaps the most popular branch of black theology, even if its name is not always well known: Black Liberation Theology. Black Liberation Theology and Civil Rights Black Liberation Theology strove to incorporate Christian thought into the black community’s legacy as a â€Å"protest people.† By recognizing the social power of the church, along with the safety it offered within its four walls, the black community was able to explicitly bring God into the daily liberation struggle. This was famously done within the Civil Rights Movement. Although Martin Luther King Jr. is most often associated with the black church in the context of civil rights, there were many organizations and leaders during that time who leveraged the church’s political power. And although King and other early civil rights leaders are now famous for their nonviolent, religiously-rooted tactics, not every member of the church embraced nonviolent resistance. On July 10, 1964, a group of Black men led by Earnest â€Å"Chilly Willy† Thomas and Frederick Douglas Kirkpatrick founded The Deacons For Defense and Justice in Jonesboro, Louisiana. The purpose of their organization? To protect members of the Congress For Racial Equity (CORE) against violence from the Ku Klux Klan. The Deacons became one of the first visible self-defense forces in the South. Although self defense was not new, the Deacons were one of the first groups to embrace it as part of their mission. The power of Black Liberation Theology within the black church did not go unnoticed. The church itself came to serve as a place of strategy, development  and reprieve. It has also been a target of attacks by numerous hate groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan. The history of the Black church is long and not over. Today, the church continues to redefine itself to meet the demands of new generations; there are those within its ranks who work to remove factors of social conservatism and align it with new movements. No matter what position it takes in the future, it cannot be denied that the black church has been a pivotal force within Black American communities for hundreds of years and those generational memories are not likely to fade.

The effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the investment in the Gulf Research Paper

The effects of the 2008 financial crisis on the investment in the Gulf area specially on Qatar - Research Paper Example In this case, the decline in oil prices severely affected the foreign exchange earnings and led to low foreign investment capital inflows in Qatar economy. Qatar and other countries in the gulf area had accumulated vast cash reserves after the oil prices recorded a high of USD 148 per barrel in July 2008 due to a weak US dollars and geopolitical tensions that led to oil speculations (Casa, 2009). However, the last five months of 2008 saw decline in equity market activity and oil demand thus leading to 75 percent loss on the OPEC Reference Basket from USD 148 per barrel to USD 37.72 per barrel before the end of the year (Distr, 2009). Thesis statement: the 2008 financial crisis negatively affected investments in Qatar through tightening of credit, decline in global oil demand and subsequent slowdown of the real estate and stock markets in the economy. Credit crunch Despite the high liquidity level of the main financial institutions in Qatar and decline in interest rates before the ons et of the 2008 financial crisis, the availability of credit for investment purposes declined during the financial crisis due to high-risk aversion by the banks (Casa, 2009). ... The financial crisis triggered steep fall in asset prices and widened the credit default swap (CDS) spreads on sovereign debt. In this case, the Qatar government debt remained elevated thus reflecting the high-leveraged government entities. Fall in stock market prices According to Monetary Fund (AMF), of 2008 financial crisis led to a drastic fall in stock investments by half in the first year and further by additional 25% in the subsequent quarter. The loss in Arab stock market translated to significant decline in the level of investor confidence and decline in the overall investment activities in the economy (Distr, 2009). The Doha Securities market experienced a decline in the level of trading activities and the market’s main index declined by 28 percent to 6886 points. The gulf region countries recorded significant escalation in construction properties before the crisis, but the crisis led to slowdown of construction boom due to tight credit conditions in the countries. Th e high house rents before the crisis made Qatar citizens to increase their economic contributions towards excessive crediting allocation on such departments. After the decline in oil prices, the construction boom slowed down and housing prices deflated thus leading to significant losses in the real estate sector (Distr, 2009). Decline in tourism financial returns The 2008 financial crisis also led to considerable decline in tourism returns in Qatar. This is evidenced by significant reduction in business tourism arrivals and investors from European countries and North America (Casa, 2009). Qatar immigrants in western countries reduced or completely stopped the foreign remittances to their home country. Furthermore, the crisis also

Novel Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Novel Analysis - Essay Example In essence, then, to reach an entirely subjective meaning of Pynchon’s novel a reader must do exactly what Pierce Inverarity advises Oedipa to do; namely to keep bouncing the massive reception of information in order to decode the meaningful clues from the meaningless ones. Pynchon’s protagonist, Oedipa Mass, spends the novel engaged in the pursuit of clues or else debating whether she should involve herself in the mysteries that surround her. As coexecutrix of Pierce’s estate, Oedipa takes off on an odyssey to unlock the full impact involved in Inverarity’s bequest. As her odyssey progresses Oedipa comes to perceive that Pierce Inverarity’s influence not only on her life but on the rest of the world appears to be more substantial, such as when she recollects that Pierce â€Å"owned a large block of shares, had been somehow involved in negotiating an understanding with the county tax assessor to lure Yoyodyne here in the first place. It was part, he explained, of being a founding father" (25-26). Executing Pierce’s will sets Oedipa on her journey to begin boucing information back and forth in an attempt to balance it and understand it, causing Oedipa to eventually piece together clues so that they form a truth about Pierce that assigns him great authority, including the power to leave behind the clues to the mystery of Tristero as an inordinately elaborate plan of some sort that is directed entirely for her benefit. This idea causes Oedipa to reflect upon the possibility that Pierce "might himself have discovered the Tristero, and encrypted that in the will, buying into just enough to be sure shed find it. Or he might even have tried to survive death, as a paranoia; as a pure conspiracy against someone he loved" (179). The novel engages with the theoretical ideas of Newtonian forces, especially action and reaction through the idea that Inverarity still manages to be a moving force

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection - Essay Example The challenges come from in diverse forms, from the selection of specific topics to satisfy each academic need, to preparations for preliminary drafts taking into account critical elements that need to be incorporated in essay writing. Aside from the crucial requisite to perennially observe correct grammatical rules, to ensure that the detailed objectives for the essay are attained, there is this relevant element of writing the essay with the intended audience to be taken into consideration. Particularly for the purpose of this reflective essay, I have to bear in mind that I relay the improvements and transformations noted from personal perspectives on these various literary works written during the course. Essays that required a comparative analysis of a situation, of personalities, or of themes (of which I compared two Batman movies) assisted in developing analytical skills that required making in depth assessments of various elements of the movie: the actors, the plot, the charact ers, cinematography, sounds, and awards received, accordingly. The activity honed, not only writing in correct grammar, spelling and structure; but more so on delving into details to achieve the objective of selecting and justifying from among those elements identified, the best movie from one’s point of view.

Introduction to Apologetics Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Apologetics Essay Introduction This is a critique of L. Russ Bush’s The Advancement. In order to properly ascertain the individual components as well as the overall success of Bush’s work, this article deploys the use of a general summary, followed by a section of critical interaction, and finally a conclusion. In the end, elements of Bush’s argument prove invaluable, while others miss their target. Summary Chapter 1 begins with an historical review of the modern worldview formation. This includes first the secular worldview, inspired by the focus on freedom inherent in the Enlightenment. Bush then begins to explore the details of  the Christian alternative. This discussion reaches a climax as he notes the contrast of the new and old worldviews. â€Å"In the earlier view there is a natural stability in both history and in nature. Progress or decline are products of a person’s relationship or lack of relationship to God, and neither is inevitable historically (15).† Ultimately Bush concludes, â€Å"The older worldview is not true (just) because it’s old, and it too may be in need of refinement in light of better understandings of the Bible, but authentic Christianity is the best antidote for a culture that is dying from the venom of the Advancement (17).† See more: how to write an introduction Chapter 2 begins to unveil the components of the overall worldview, that which Bush calls The Advancement. Here, again, Bush delves deeper into the historical relationships ¬Ã‚ ¬ among science, secularism, and Christianity. He addresses the historic belief, â€Å"God operates outside of the cause-and-effect pattern discernable in the Universe (20)†. Bush notes that while cause-and-effect reasoning was originally limited to certain areas of study, modernity and postmodernity have witnessed cause-and-effect spreading into countless fields (21). In addition, Bush explores the origins of modern materialism, uniformitarian thought, and evolution. From here he displays the historic influence of these philosophies on modern ethics. The most critical issue of ethics is the loss of humanness at the hands of the animal origins suggested in evolutionary theory. â€Å"Humans are no longer human. They are simply naked apes (35).† Chapter 3 explores The Advancement and Theory of Knowledge. The core of this address deals with the epistemological battle between conflicting philosophies of objective and subjective truth. Bush notes that naturalism demands that the human mind is merely an effect of the system that created it. Therefore, he believes that this, in turn, places scientific study, amongst other things, at the mercy of subjective relativism (40). Bush compares this to multiple epistemological views based on a theistic foundation. After several theories, he ultimately concludes that naturalism has reclassified biblical ideas as culturally, rather than divinely, inspired (52). The collective result of secular modernism is a â€Å"loss of political freedom† and â€Å"moral accountability† (50). Chapter 4 explores Modern Theistic Alternatives. Bush points to various groups of non-biblical philosophies such as process theology and open theology, which recognize the potentiality, and even perhaps the need for God. However, he concludes that these beliefs are incomplete at best and through these beliefs, â€Å"Ultimately, God is naturalized, and the modern worldview prevails (64). â€Å" The following two chapters investigate naturalistic evolution. Bush spends Chapters 5 and 6 addressing the seven assumptions of evolutionary biology (65-72), ten axioms of modern scientific thought (72-76), and four basic beliefs of modern thinkers (77-78). He follows this groundwork with five simple objections to naturalistic evolution (80-83). Critical Interaction Overall, Bush’s outline follows a semi-logical progression. However, in spite of the overall congruency, certain elements are lacking the necessary ingredients for a successful dissertation. Ultimately, Bush’s massive undertaking becomes his downfall. The very concept of the Advancement is a hodgepodge of component worldviews. In his attempt to attack this umbrella concept, Bush ends up falling victim to the same weakness as postmodernism. Ambiguity and muddled worldviews become self-contradictory. The book gives the impression of a single soldier fighting a multitude of swarming enemies. In his worthy attempt at defeating the collective Advancement, Bush ends up using the wrong ammunition on the wrong enemy. This happens in two ways. First, though he has the foresight to break down the overall concept into its respective components, he often reverts back to addressing the overall mentality, which does not technically exist on a broad scale. The postmodern beast is like a series of viruses that morph in their formation from host to host. The only way to attack it is piece by piece. The combination of postmodern beliefs never takes the same form from person to person. Therefore, addressing it as a collective whole ultimately fails.  Second, he frequently attributes relativist beliefs to naturalism and vice versa. Bush’s, lack of clarity is pervasive throughout the book. He bounces back and forth between this multitude of worldviews and theories, often with little description of how he intends to relate them one to another. Bush tends to make broad, sweeping statements that render worldview differentiation difficult to assess. â€Å"To the modern mind†¦ progress is inevitable (15).† In context, It is difficult to discern whether Bush is referencing secular minds, Christian minds, or the all-inclusive popular opinion of modernity, irrespective of religious foundation. As Bush acknowledges, chronological limits are not always clear and ideas surface gradually (7). Phrases such as â€Å"modern mind† become increasingly ambiguous in the midst of paragraphs and subsections, which themselves are bouncing between religion, secularism, time periods, and keystone philosophies that transcend designated periods or belief structures. The end result is a dizzying series of statements that present more frustration and confusion than clarity and conclusion. Specific statements that lack citation further confound Bush’s message. In Chapter Two, he claims that there are three ideas that make up the longstanding alternative worldview of Christianity: â€Å"stability in nature, spiritual warfare, and historical change initiated by divine intervention (9).† Bush gives no indication about where he has derived these three ideas. He does this multiple times throughout the book. Chapters 5 and 6, as mentioned in the summary, are made up of lists of apparent assumptions, axioms, and beliefs that represent the foundations of multiple worldviews. However, again, Bush neglects to cite his reasoning for calling upon these specific elements of each worldview. This may leave readers questioning the authenticity of the claims, and if it doesn’t, perhaps it should. These lists are especially important to the overall purpose of the book as they represent the summation of alternative worldviews, which Bush is seeking to critique. Witho ut clarification of source and accuracy, readers should be cautious in adopting his overall strategy, though individual responses still have value. In addition to issues of clarity and viability, Bush has a tendency to evaluate secular worldviews from the subjectivity of a Christian understanding. This is most evident in his repeated portrayal of naturalism as ethically unviable. While this may certainly be true, and while it may provide a valuable argument in some light, Bush confuses the need for morality with the need for truth. His response to the loss of humanness associated with natural evolution is, â€Å"It is not an optimistic picture (78).† While this is certainly a viable proclamation, it ultimately does little to answer the question of truthfulness. Morality is contingent upon truth and not the other way around. â€Å"The truth of moral and logical principles does not correspond to reality in the same way as do statements about observable empirical facts.† Assuming that God’s truth is correct, then a lack of morality is a viable argument. However, the argument relies upon the presupposition that God’s truth is, in fact, correct. Bush continually fails to fully consider the worldview he addresses. One example of this is found in his discussion of â€Å"Why Modern Thought Fails†(59-61). Again, he seems to confuse the ultimate reality of objective truth, with the anthropomorphic limitations of subjective truth. â€Å"Truth, as it has been traditionally defined, does not exist necessarily in this modern scientific worldview. There is only momentary correctness, warranted assertions, and majority opinions (60).† This is not an accurate assessment. Bush is simply acknowledging that human subjectivity and limitation keeps humanity from discovering ultimate truth. That does not mean that this truth does not exist. The true divergence in the two worldviews lies where the ultimate truth is found. For science, ultimate truth is in natural law. That does not change based on our momentary correctness, assertions, or opinions. Likewise, biblically speaking, humanity operates similarly, but God is the ultimate source of truth rather than natural law. Human subjectivity exists in both models, and this momentary understanding may be accurate or inaccurate. However, the point is simply that human subjectivity fails to influence ultimate truth in either model. Bush misses this in his conclusion, â€Å"The relativism of modern thought is†¦ self-defeating (80).† This is simply not true. Relativism only acknowledges the finite nature of human understanding. Conclusion Like an under trained spy in the enemy’s camp, Bush’s Christian worldview and reliance upon morality remains overly influential in his assault on the mixed set of hypotheses that make up The Advancement. His inability to remain focused on a single worldview sucks the reader into a tornadic war against a constantly shifting, ever-growing enemy. In the end Bush may succeed in refuting the validity of the umbrella view of The Advancement, on the basis of self-refutation, but fails to win the individual battles that truly matter. Bibliography Bush, L. Russ. The Advancement. Nashville: Broadman Holman, 2003. Groothuis, Douglas. Christian Apologetics: A Comprehensive Case for Biblical Faith. Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2011.

Sidetracked Movies :: essays research papers fc

Movies have been around for as long as I can remember. They may come in many forms or video types, such as film on a reel, beta, VHS, DVDs and many more. Every successful movie tells a certain story, whether it be original, based on a true story, or based on a book. Whatever the case, the scripts are usually original and closely follow the plot they are based on, if there is one. More recently, unfortunately, movies based on novels are being made closer to the ideas of the screenwriter instead of those of the novel. It is in my opinion that these types of movies should reflect the original works of the authors more closely. One of my personal favourite pieces of literature is the Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling. Naturally, when I heard about the movies being made I was just as excited as any other fan, and I was at the cinema on opening night. I believe Chris Columbus did an awesome job with the movie, keeping the plot moving, introducing the characters, and still including a large majority of the plot in only three hours. The second movie, I thought was even better because everyone knew all the characters already so he could just jump right in with the plot. However, this past couple of years the cast worked with a new director, Alfonso Cuarà ³n, who took the film in a new and possibly worse direction. Not only did Cuarà ³n change the plot around, for example Harry receiving the Firebolt after his encounter with Sirius Black though in the book he received it long before this encounter, but he changed many other things as well. Some of these other changes include the setting, the uniforms , and the characters from J.K. Rowling’s original novels, and from Chris Columbus’ works. Some of the main examples from the third Harry Potter movie include Professor Flitwick, who is described in the book as having â€Å"greying hair.† This is portrayed in the first two movies, however in the third movie Professor Flitwick is portrayed as a small man with a black mushroom cut and a black handlebar moustache. Another point about the third movie that I am very eager to uncover is the origin of the â€Å"maggot heads.† The heads were never mentioned in the third book or any other book for that matter; and were completely made up by the director or screenwriter, possibly to add comedy.